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An oxygen concentrator separates air at the molecular level.
The oxygen concentrator utilizes zeolytes to isolate oxygen molecules.
An oxygen concentrator makes use of adsorption (not absorption), a phenomenon in which gas molecules stick temporarily to surfaces. The forces that bind gas molecules to surfaces are weaker than ordinary chemical bonds, but they are strong enough to keep some molecules in place for seconds, minutes, or even longer. Thus, an oxygen concentrator can separate air into its basic parts of oxygen and nitrogen.
  The heart of an oxygen concentrator is a porous material known as a zeolyte. To extract as much nitrogen as possible, an oxygen concentrator pumps pressurized air into a container of zeolytes. The zeolytes adsorb most of the nitrogen in this air, leaving nearly pure oxygen for breathing. But the zeolytes eventually saturate with nitrogen molecules and can adsorb no more. At that time, the oxygen concentrator removes all gas from the container and the nitrogen molecules gradually leave the zeolyte surface. After this regeneration cycle, the container of zeolytes is ready to begin concentrating oxygen again.
To keep oxygen flowing at all times, a typical oxygen concentrator has two separate zeolyte-filled containers. At any given time, one container is providing oxygen for breathing while the other is regenerating by releasing its stored nitrogen into the air.
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